SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Longevity & Cellular Health
Phase 4
Investigational

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a four-amino-acid peptide that targets and concentrates in the inner membrane of mitochondria (the energy centers of cells). It is being developed for mitochondrial diseases, heart failure, and age-related conditions.

Last updated April 20, 2026
110 PubMed-Verified Studies
Popular
Research-Driven Dosage Reports
RouteSubcutaneous (SC) · Intravenous (IV)
Dose4–40 mg
Frequency1× daily or weekly
DurationPer clinical protocol

Based on published research literature.

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Overview of SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Selectively targets cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize electron transport, reduce oxidative stress, and improve cellular energy production.

Mitochondrial function

Selectively binds to cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to inner mitochondrial membrane essential for electron transport chain organization.

Stabilizes cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions, optimizing electron transfer and ATP production efficiency.

Reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, preventing electron leak and decreasing oxidative stress.

Tissue protection

Improves mitochondrial bioenergetics in aged or diseased tissues, showing benefits in heart failure, kidney injury, and neurodegenerative models.

Clinical development

In Phase 2/3 trials for various mitochondrial and age-related conditions, including Barth syndrome and heart failure

Read Full SS-31 (Elamipretide) Dosage Guide

Research-backed dosing protocols, timing, and administration details

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Longevity & Cellular Health