Humanin
Humanin is a 24-amino-acid peptide produced by mitochondria (the energy centers of cells), encoded in mitochondrial DNA. It was discovered for its ability to protect brain cells from amyloid-beta toxicity, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Research explores its roles in brain protection, metabolic regulation, and cellular stress resistance.
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Overview of Humanin
Activates cytoprotective signaling through STAT3 and the FPRL1 receptor, protecting cells from apoptosis and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Binds to FPRL1/FPRL2 receptors and the trimeric receptor complex (CNTFR/WSX-1/gp130), activating STAT3 and ERK survival signaling.
Directly inhibits Bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, preventing cytochrome c release and caspase activation.
Circulating levels decline with age and correlate with age-related diseases, suggesting a role as an endogenous longevity factor.
Protects neurons from amyloid-beta (Abeta) induced cytotoxicity, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Reduces oxidative stress in neuronal cells (proposed), preserving mitochondrial membrane potential under stress conditions.
Improves insulin sensitivity through STAT3-dependent pathways (proposed), enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues.
Binds to IGFBP-3 (proposed), modulating IGF-1 signaling and influencing growth factor availability
Read Full Humanin Dosage Guide
Research-backed dosing protocols, timing, and administration details
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Longevity & Cellular Health