Metabolic Health Peptides

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist with 94% sequence homology to human glucagon-like peptide-1. Used for weight management (Wegovy) and type 2 diabetes (Ozempic). Demonstrates significant effects on appetite regulation and glucose control.

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight management and type 2 diabetes. Marketed as Mounjaro (diabetes) and Zepbound (weight management). Outperforms semaglutide in head-to-head trials for both glucose control and weight loss.

Retatrutide is an investigational triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 2 trials showed unprecedented weight loss of up to 24% at 48 weeks. Currently in Phase 3 development.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical coenzyme found in every living cell. It is essential for mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and cellular energy metabolism. Levels decline with age, and supplementation is researched for anti-aging and metabolic health.

Tesamorelin is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog used for reducing visceral adipose tissue in patients with lipodystrophy. Marketed as Egrifta. Specifically targets deep abdominal fat accumulation.

MOTS-c is a 16 amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA gene. First mitochondrial peptide to enter clinical trials. Emerging evidence for metabolic health, exercise performance, and longevity. Levels decline with age.

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in reproductive hormone regulation. Acts upstream of GnRH to control the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Studied for fertility and puberty disorders.

Humanin is a 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 16S rRNA gene. Discovered for its ability to protect neurons from amyloid-beta toxicity. Research explores its roles in neuroprotection, metabolic regulation, and cellular stress resistance.

5-Amino-1MQ is a small molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme linked to obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Research focuses on fat cell metabolism, weight loss, and reversing diet-induced obesity in preclinical models.