Thymosin Alpha-1

Immune & Inflammation
Phase 4
Russia Approved
Orphan Designation

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide naturally produced by the thymus gland. It has been extensively studied for immune support with over 70 clinical trials. Research covers hepatitis treatment, cancer immune therapy, and sepsis management.

Last updated March 6, 2026
241 PubMed-Verified Studies
Popular
Research-Driven Dosage Reports
RouteSubcutaneous (SC)
Dose1.6–3.2 mg
Frequency1–2× weekly
Duration8–12 weeks (or ongoing)

Based on published research literature.

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Overview of Thymosin Alpha-1

Modulates immune function through Toll-like receptor pathways, enhancing T-cell maturation, dendritic cell activation, and cytokine balance.

Inflammation / immune

Activates TLR2, TLR5, and TLR9 on dendritic cells, triggering downstream signaling cascades controlling inflammation, immunity, and tolerance.

Promotes differentiation of T-cell progenitors into mature CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, restoring cell-mediated immunity in immunocompromised states.

Balances pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, increasing IL-2, IFN-γ, IFN-α while modulating TNF-α and IL-6.

Enhances antigen presentation through myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation, improving adaptive immune responses.

Clinical applications

Used in sepsis, chronic hepatitis B/C, HIV immune reconstitution, with extensive clinical trial data available.

Cancer immunotherapy support and vaccine adjuvant applications (proposed), which may enhance immune responses to treatments

Read Full Thymosin Alpha-1 Dosage Guide

Research-backed dosing protocols, timing, and administration details

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Immune & Inflammation