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VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a 28 amino acid neuropeptide with complex neuroendocrine and immunomodulatory functions. Research explores its anti-inflammatory properties and potential in autoimmune and neurodegenerative conditions.
Summary: Activates VPAC receptors to reduce inflammation, promote regulatory T cells, and provide neuroprotection through multiple neuroendocrine pathways. Mechanisms (reported/proposed across domains): Inflammation / immune • Activates VPAC1 and VPAC2 G-protein coupled receptors, increasing intracellular cAMP levels. • Inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12)...
Investigational - Complex Compound
Dose: 50–200 mcg · Route: Subcutaneous (SC) · Intranasal · Frequency: 2–3× daily (intranasal) · Duration: 4–12 weeks