CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin + IGF-1 LR3 Stack Guide

The most advanced GH/IGF-1 axis stack for maximum body recomposition. Complete dosing protocols, timing, bloodwork monitoring, cycling, and safety for combining three GH secretagogues with direct IGF-1 signaling.

Stack Overview

The CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin + IGF-1 LR3 combination is the most comprehensive GH/IGF-1 axis stack available. It pairs three growth hormone secretagogues — CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, and Tesamorelin — with a direct IGF-1 receptor agonist (IGF-1 LR3) to target body recomposition from every available pathway simultaneously.

Key Characteristics:

  • 4-peptide stackCJC-1295 (GHRH analog) + Ipamorelin (GHRP) + Tesamorelin (FDA-studied GHRH) + IGF-1 LR3 (long-acting IGF-1 analog)
  • Primary goalmaximum body recomposition — simultaneous fat loss (especially visceral fat), lean muscle gain, and GH/IGF-1 axis optimization
  • Multi-pathway approachthree distinct GH stimulation mechanisms (GHRH amplification, GH release trigger, visceral fat targeting) plus direct downstream IGF-1 receptor activation
  • Experience leveladvanced only — requires prior GH secretagogue experience, bloodwork monitoring, and hypoglycemia awareness
  • Typical cycle8–12 weeks for GH secretagogues; IGF-1 LR3 limited to 4–6 weeks within that window
  • Administrationsubcutaneous injection for all four peptides; secretagogues together before bed, IGF-1 LR3 at a separate time (morning or post-workout)

Use our Peptide Dosage Calculator to calculate exact doses for all four peptides based on your vial sizes and reconstitution volumes.

Why This Stack Works

This 4-peptide stack is effective because it attacks the GH/IGF-1 axis from every available angle. Rather than relying on a single mechanism, it combines four distinct pathways that amplify each other.

Pathway 1: GHRH Amplification (CJC-1295)

  • GHRH analog: CJC-1295 mimics Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone, amplifying and extending the natural GH pulse from the pituitary
  • Extended half-life: with DAC modification, CJC-1295 provides sustained GH elevation over days rather than minutes, raising baseline GH output
  • Synergy with GHRP: GHRH analogs are significantly more effective when paired with a GHRP (like Ipamorelin), as they work on complementary receptor pathways

Pathway 2: GH Release Trigger (Ipamorelin)

  • Ghrelin mimetic (GHRP): Ipamorelin activates the GHS-R (growth hormone secretagogue receptor) to trigger direct GH release from the pituitary
  • Selective action: unlike GHRP-6 or Hexarelin, Ipamorelin does not significantly increase cortisol, prolactin, or appetite — making it the cleanest GHRP option
  • Pulse amplification: when combined with CJC-1295 (GHRH), the GH pulse is dramatically larger than either compound alone — this is the foundational synergy of the stack

Pathway 3: Visceral Fat Targeting (Tesamorelin)

  • Modified GHRH(1-44): Tesamorelin is a 44-amino-acid GHRH analog with a trans-3-hexenoic acid modification that provides enhanced stability and specific visceral fat targeting
  • FDA-studied efficacy: clinical trials in HIV-associated lipodystrophy demonstrated significant visceral adipose tissue reduction over 26 weeks
  • Complementary to CJC-1295: while both are GHRH-based, Tesamorelin provides targeted visceral fat signaling that CJC-1295 alone does not achieve as effectively

Pathway 4: Direct IGF-1 Receptor Activation (IGF-1 LR3)

  • Bypasses the pituitary: while the three secretagogues stimulate GH release (which the liver then converts to IGF-1), IGF-1 LR3 provides direct IGF-1 receptor activation without waiting for that conversion
  • Extended half-life: the LR3 modification (Long-Arg3) reduces IGF binding protein affinity, extending the active half-life to 20–30 hours compared to minutes for native IGF-1
  • Anabolic signaling: directly stimulates muscle protein synthesis, satellite cell activation, and nutrient partitioning independent of GH levels

The Synergy

CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin create amplified GH pulses (upstream). Tesamorelin adds a parallel GHRH signal with specific visceral fat targeting. IGF-1 LR3 provides direct downstream anabolic signaling that does not depend on the GH-to-IGF-1 conversion pathway. The result is simultaneous stimulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis from both above (secretagogue-driven GH) and below (direct IGF-1), plus targeted visceral fat reduction — a combination no single compound or simpler stack can replicate.

Individual Peptide Breakdown

Each peptide in this stack has a dedicated dosage guide with complete individual protocols. Here is a summary of each peptide's role in this stack.

CJC-1295 (GHRH Analog)

  • Type: Synthetic GHRH analog (30 amino acids, with or without DAC)
  • Origin: Modified growth hormone releasing hormone with enhanced stability
  • Role in stack: Amplifies and extends natural GH pulses, raises baseline GH output
  • Route: Subcutaneous injection
  • Frequency: Once daily (before bed)
Full CJC-1295 Dosage Guide →

Ipamorelin (GHRP / Ghrelin Mimetic)

  • Type: Synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue (5 amino acids)
  • Origin: Selective ghrelin receptor agonist with minimal side effect profile
  • Role in stack: Triggers direct GH release from the pituitary, amplifies CJC-1295's effect
  • Route: Subcutaneous injection
  • Frequency: Once daily (before bed, with CJC-1295)
Full Ipamorelin Dosage Guide →

Tesamorelin (FDA-Studied GHRH)

  • Type: Synthetic GHRH(1-44) analog with trans-3-hexenoic acid modification
  • Origin: FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy (Egrifta)
  • Role in stack: Targeted visceral fat reduction, parallel GHRH stimulation
  • Route: Subcutaneous injection
  • Frequency: Once daily (before bed, with CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin)
Full Tesamorelin Dosage Guide →

IGF-1 LR3 (Long-Acting IGF-1 Analog)

  • Type: Recombinant IGF-1 analog with Arg3 substitution and 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension
  • Origin: Modified insulin-like growth factor 1 with reduced binding protein affinity
  • Role in stack: Direct IGF-1 receptor activation, muscle protein synthesis, nutrient partitioning
  • Route: Subcutaneous injection
  • Frequency: Once daily (morning or post-workout — DIFFERENT time from secretagogues)
Full IGF-1 LR3 Dosage Guide →

Dosing Protocol

This stack uses two separate injection sessions per day: GH secretagogues together before bed, and IGF-1 LR3 at a different time. The protocol is phased to allow gradual introduction of each compound.

Full Protocol (Phased Introduction)

PhaseWeeksCompoundsDosesTiming
1 — Foundation1–2CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin100 mcg + 100–200 mcgBefore bed, fasted
2 — Add Tesamorelin3–4CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin100 mcg + 200 mcg + 1–2 mgBefore bed, fasted
3 — Add IGF-1 LR35–10All fourSecretagogues as above + IGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgSecretagogues: bed. IGF-1 LR3: AM/post-workout
4 — Drop IGF-1 LR311–12CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin100 mcg + 200 mcg + 1–2 mgBefore bed, fasted

Individual Dose Summary

CompoundDoseFrequencyRouteNotes
CJC-1295100 mcgOnce dailySubQ (abdomen)Before bed on empty stomach; inject with Ipamorelin and Tesamorelin
Ipamorelin100–200 mcgOnce dailySubQ (abdomen)Before bed on empty stomach; start at 100 mcg, increase to 200 mcg if well-tolerated
Tesamorelin1–2 mgOnce dailySubQ (abdomen)Before bed on empty stomach; FDA-studied dose is 2 mg/day
IGF-1 LR320–50 mcgOnce dailySubQ (abdomen or target muscle)Morning or post-workout ONLY — never with secretagogues; have carbs available

Calculate Your Doses

All four peptides are supplied as lyophilized powder and need reconstitution with bacteriostatic water. The dose you draw depends on the concentration after reconstitution.

CJC-1295 — 2 mg Vial

  • Vial size: 2 mg (2,000 mcg)
  • Bacteriostatic water: 2 mL
  • Concentration: 2,000 ÷ 2 = 1,000 mcg/mL
  • 100 mcg dose = 0.1 mL = 10 units on insulin syringe
  • Doses per vial: 20 doses

Ipamorelin — 5 mg Vial

  • Vial size: 5 mg (5,000 mcg)
  • Bacteriostatic water: 2.5 mL
  • Concentration: 5,000 ÷ 2.5 = 2,000 mcg/mL
  • 200 mcg dose = 0.1 mL = 10 units on insulin syringe
  • Doses per vial: 25 doses

Tesamorelin — 2 mg Vial

  • Vial size: 2 mg (2,000 mcg)
  • Bacteriostatic water: 2 mL
  • Concentration: 2,000 ÷ 2 = 1,000 mcg/mL
  • 2 mg dose = 2 mL = full vial (one dose per vial at 2 mg)
  • Doses per vial: 1 dose (at 2 mg) or 2 doses (at 1 mg)

IGF-1 LR3 — 1 mg Vial

  • Vial size: 1 mg (1,000 mcg)
  • Bacteriostatic water: 1 mL
  • Concentration: 1,000 ÷ 1 = 1,000 mcg/mL
  • 40 mcg dose = 0.04 mL = 4 units on insulin syringe
  • Doses per vial: 25 doses (at 40 mcg)

Skip the Math — Use Our Calculator

Enter your vial size, water volume, and desired dose for each peptide — get instant calculations with zero manual math.

Reconstitution Guide

All four peptides follow the same reconstitution process. Reconstitute each vial separately with bacteriostatic water. IGF-1 LR3 is particularly sensitive to heat and agitation — handle it with extra care.

PeptideVial SizeBac WaterConcentrationStandard Dose Draw
CJC-12952 mg2 mL1,000 mcg/mL10 units (0.1 mL) for 100 mcg
Ipamorelin5 mg2.5 mL2,000 mcg/mL10 units (0.1 mL) for 200 mcg
Tesamorelin2 mg2 mL1,000 mcg/mLFull vial (2 mL) for 2 mg
IGF-1 LR31 mg1 mL1,000 mcg/mL4 units (0.04 mL) for 40 mcg
1

Wash Hands & Prepare Workspace

Wash hands thoroughly. Lay out supplies: peptide vials, bacteriostatic water, insulin syringes, and alcohol swabs on a clean surface.

2

Swab All Vial Stoppers

Remove plastic caps and swab the rubber stoppers of every peptide vial and the bacteriostatic water vial with alcohol pads. Let air-dry for 10–15 seconds.

3

Add Water to Each Peptide Vial

Draw the appropriate volume of bacteriostatic water for each vial. Insert needle and direct the stream down the inside glass wall — never squirt directly onto the powder. Release slowly. For IGF-1 LR3, be especially gentle.

4

Dissolve Gently

Let each vial sit for 1–2 minutes, then gently swirl or roll between palms until fully dissolved. Solution should be clear and colorless. Never shake — IGF-1 LR3 is particularly sensitive to agitation.

5

Label & Refrigerate

Write the reconstitution date and concentration on each vial. Store all vials refrigerated at 2–8°C. Use within 28–30 days. Keep IGF-1 LR3 away from light.

For a detailed visual walkthrough, see our Reconstitution Guide.

Timing & Daily Schedule

This stack requires two separate injection windows per day. The timing is critical — injecting everything together defeats the purpose and increases risk.

Daily Schedule (Phase 3 — All Four Compounds)

TimeActionCompoundsNotes
Morning (7–9 AM)IGF-1 LR3 injectionIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcg SubQHave breakfast or carbs within 15–30 min after injection
OR Post-WorkoutIGF-1 LR3 injectionIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcg SubQInject immediately after training; consume post-workout meal with carbs
Evening (9–11 PM)GH secretagogue injectionCJC-1295 100 mcg + Ipamorelin 200 mcg + Tesamorelin 1–2 mgMinimum 2–3 hours fasted; do not eat for 30 min after

Weekly Overview (Phase 3)

DayMorning/Post-WorkoutEvening (Fasted)
MondayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin
TuesdayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin
WednesdayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin
ThursdayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin
FridayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin
SaturdayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin
SundayIGF-1 LR3 20–50 mcgCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Tesamorelin

Timing Notes

  • GH secretagogues: Must be taken on an empty stomach (minimum 2 hours fasted, ideally 3+). Food — especially carbs and fats — triggers insulin and somatostatin, which directly suppresses the GH pulse.
  • IGF-1 LR3: Should be taken WITH food/carbs nearby (opposite of secretagogues). Carbohydrates help manage the hypoglycemia risk from IGF-1 LR3.
  • Separate syringes: Use a dedicated syringe for each peptide. The three secretagogues can be injected in the same session (separate syringes, same time window) but do not mix in a single syringe.
  • Injection sites: Rotate abdominal SubQ sites for all compounds. For IGF-1 LR3, some users inject near the target muscle group post-workout.

Cycling & Duration

This stack uses staggered cycling: the GH secretagogues run for the full 8–12 week duration while IGF-1 LR3 is introduced for a limited 4–6 week window within that period.

PhaseDurationCJC-1295IpamorelinTesamorelinIGF-1 LR3
FoundationWeeks 1–2100 mcg/day100–200 mcg/day
BuildWeeks 3–4100 mcg/day200 mcg/day1–2 mg/day
Full StackWeeks 5–10100 mcg/day200 mcg/day1–2 mg/day20–50 mcg/day
TaperWeeks 11–12100 mcg/day200 mcg/day1–2 mg/day
Break4–8 weeks offNoneNoneNoneNone

Why Stagger IGF-1 LR3?

  • Receptor desensitization: Continuous IGF-1 LR3 use beyond 4–6 weeks can lead to IGF-1 receptor downregulation, reducing effectiveness
  • Safety window: Limiting the duration of direct IGF-1 receptor activation reduces cumulative hypoglycemia risk and limits the time spent at supraphysiological IGF-1 levels
  • Bloodwork timing: Introducing IGF-1 LR3 at week 5 means your week-4 bloodwork captures the secretagogue-only baseline, and week-8 bloodwork captures the full stack effect

Why the Break is Non-Negotiable

The 4–8 week break between cycles serves several critical purposes: (1) allows the GH/IGF-1 axis to return to baseline, (2) permits assessment of sustained body composition changes versus transient effects like water retention, (3) gives the IGF-1 receptor time to fully resensitize, and (4) reduces cumulative exposure to supraphysiological hormone levels. Do not skip the break.

Bloodwork & Monitoring

Required Panels

MarkerWhyWhenRed Flag
IGF-1Primary marker for GH/IGF-1 axis outputBaseline, week 4, week 8, post-cycleAbove 300 ng/mL (age-dependent) — reduce dose or drop IGF-1 LR3
Fasting GlucoseIGF-1 LR3 can cause hypoglycemia; secretagogues can affect insulin sensitivityBaseline, week 4, week 8Below 70 mg/dL (hypoglycemia) or above 100 mg/dL (insulin resistance developing)
HbA1c3-month insulin sensitivity markerBaseline and post-cycleAbove 5.7% — indicates developing insulin resistance
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)Liver, kidney function, electrolytesBaseline and week 8Any values outside normal range
Fasting Insulin (optional)More sensitive insulin resistance marker than glucose aloneBaseline and week 8Elevated above 10–15 µIU/mL

When to Adjust or Stop

  • IGF-1 above upper normal range: Reduce IGF-1 LR3 dose by 50% or discontinue. Continue secretagogues at lower dose if desired.
  • Fasting glucose consistently below 70: Discontinue IGF-1 LR3 immediately. This indicates clinically significant hypoglycemia.
  • Fasting glucose above 100 or HbA1c above 5.7%: Developing insulin resistance. Discontinue IGF-1 LR3 and consider reducing Tesamorelin dose. Recheck in 4 weeks.
  • Persistent water retention, carpal tunnel, or joint pain: Reduce all doses by 25–50%. These are signs of excessive GH output.

Safety, Side Effects & Contraindications

Common Side Effects

  • Water retention and bloating — common with elevated GH; typically most noticeable in the first 2–4 weeks and in hands/face
  • Joint pain and stiffness — from elevated GH, often in wrists and fingers; usually dose-dependent
  • Carpal tunnel symptoms — tingling or numbness in hands; a well-known GH-related side effect that resolves with dose reduction
  • Hypoglycemia (from IGF-1 LR3) — shakiness, sweating, dizziness, confusion; manage with fast-acting carbs; most acute in first 1–2 hours post-injection
  • Injection site redness or swelling — common with SubQ injections; rotate injection sites
  • Increased hunger — from GH elevation and IGF-1 signaling; can be beneficial for muscle gain goals
  • Transient headache — usually in the first week; typically resolves
  • Vivid dreams and improved sleep quality — from the evening GH pulse; generally considered a positive effect

Serious Risks

  • Insulin resistance: Sustained GH elevation antagonizes insulin action. Combined with IGF-1 LR3's glucose-lowering effect, this creates a complex metabolic environment that requires monitoring.
  • Supraphysiological IGF-1 levels: Chronically elevated IGF-1 above the normal range is associated with increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies. This is the primary long-term concern with aggressive GH/IGF-1 stacks.
  • Acute hypoglycemia: IGF-1 LR3 can cause blood sugar drops serious enough to cause confusion, loss of consciousness, or worse — especially at higher doses without carbohydrate intake.

Absolute Contraindications

  • Active cancer or history of cancer: This stack elevates both GH and IGF-1, both of which promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Absolutely contraindicated with any malignancy, current or historical.
  • Diabetes (Type 1 or uncontrolled Type 2): The combination of GH-driven insulin resistance and IGF-1 LR3-driven hypoglycemia creates dangerous glucose instability.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: No safety data exists for any component during pregnancy. Avoid entirely.
  • Active pituitary disorders: GH secretagogues stimulate the pituitary and should not be used with pituitary tumors or other pituitary pathology.
  • Under 25 years old: Open growth plates and developing endocrine systems make GH/IGF-1 manipulation particularly risky in younger individuals.

Stack-Specific Safety Notes

  • Additive GH stimulation: Three secretagogues simultaneously produce higher GH output than any two. Side effects are dose-dependent — if you experience water retention or joint pain, reduce the Ipamorelin or Tesamorelin dose first.
  • Opposing glucose effects: GH raises blood sugar (insulin antagonist) while IGF-1 LR3 lowers it. This does NOT mean they cancel out — they create unpredictable glucose dynamics that require monitoring.
  • Separate syringes: Use a dedicated syringe for each peptide to avoid compatibility issues in solution.

Common Mistakes

Avoid these common errors to get the most out of this advanced protocol while minimizing risk:

Starting all four peptides on day one

This stack should be built up gradually. Start with CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin for 2–4 weeks to assess tolerance, then add Tesamorelin, and only introduce IGF-1 LR3 after the secretagogues are well-tolerated. Starting everything simultaneously makes it impossible to identify which compound causes any side effects.

Injecting IGF-1 LR3 at the same time as the GH secretagogues

The GH secretagogues (CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin) should be injected before bed on an empty stomach to maximize the natural GH pulse. IGF-1 LR3 should be injected at a separate time (morning or post-workout) with carbohydrates nearby. Combining them at the same time blunts the GH pulse benefit and increases hypoglycemia risk.

Running IGF-1 LR3 for longer than 6 weeks

IGF-1 LR3 has a long half-life (20–30 hours) and sustained use beyond 4–6 weeks increases the risk of IGF-1 receptor desensitization, prolonged supraphysiological IGF-1 levels, and cumulative hypoglycemia risk. Limit IGF-1 LR3 to a defined window within the longer secretagogue cycle.

Skipping bloodwork entirely

This is the single most dangerous mistake with this stack. Without monitoring IGF-1 levels, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, you have no way to know if you are pushing GH/IGF-1 into dangerous supraphysiological ranges or developing insulin resistance. Baseline, 4-week, and 8-week bloodwork is mandatory.

Not having fast-acting carbohydrates on hand for IGF-1 LR3 injections

IGF-1 LR3 can cause acute hypoglycemia, especially in the first 1–2 hours after injection. Always have glucose tablets, juice, or candy immediately accessible. Injecting IGF-1 LR3 and then driving, exercising intensely, or being away from food is reckless.

Eating before the evening GH secretagogue injection

CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, and Tesamorelin must be injected on an empty stomach (minimum 2 hours fasted, ideally 3+). Food — particularly carbohydrates and fats — triggers insulin and somatostatin release, which directly suppresses the GH pulse these peptides are designed to amplify. Eating within 30 minutes after injection also blunts the response.

Treating this as a beginner stack

This is the most advanced peptide stack on this site. It requires prior experience with GH secretagogues, comfort with multiple daily injections, understanding of bloodwork markers, and knowledge of hypoglycemia management. Beginners should start with CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin alone.

Not refrigerating reconstituted vials

All four peptides must be refrigerated at 2–8°C after reconstitution. IGF-1 LR3 is particularly sensitive to temperature degradation. Room temperature storage accelerates breakdown of all compounds. Use within 28–30 days of reconstitution.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key Takeaways

  • This is the most advanced GH/IGF-1 axis stack — combining three GH secretagogues with direct IGF-1 receptor activation for maximum body recomposition
  • GH secretagogues (CJC-1295 100 mcg + Ipamorelin 200 mcg + Tesamorelin 1–2 mg) before bed fasted — all three in the same session
  • IGF-1 LR3 (20–50 mcg) morning or post-workout — at a DIFFERENT time from secretagogues, with carbs available
  • Phase in gradually: start CJC + Ipam (weeks 1–2), add Tesamorelin (weeks 3–4), add IGF-1 LR3 (weeks 5+) — never start all four on day one
  • Limit IGF-1 LR3 to 4–6 weeks maximum within the 8–12 week secretagogue cycle
  • Bloodwork is mandatory — IGF-1, fasting glucose, HbA1c at baseline, week 4, and week 8 minimum
  • 4–8 week break between cycles is non-negotiable
  • Absolutely contraindicated with cancer, diabetes, pregnancy, and under age 25
  • For experienced users only — requires prior GH secretagogue experience, multiple daily injections, and active bloodwork monitoring

This article is for educational and informational purposes only. Tesamorelin is FDA-approved only for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, and IGF-1 LR3 are not approved by the FDA for human use and are classified as research peptides. They are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This stack carries the highest risk profile of any combination covered on this site. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any peptide protocol, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions, are taking medications, or are pregnant or nursing. See our Medical Disclaimer.

References

  1. Falutz J, et al. “Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV.” N Engl J Med. 2007;357(23):2359-2370.
  2. Stanley TL, et al. “Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation.” JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389.
  3. Ionescu M, Bhatt DL. “Tesamorelin for the treatment of visceral adiposity in HIV-infected patients.” Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(2):249-258.
  4. Johansen PB, et al. “Ipamorelin, a new growth hormone-releasing peptide, induces growth hormone release in a specific manner in rats.” Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;141(2):180-186.
  5. Teichman SL, et al. “Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805.
  6. Francis GL, et al. “Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 in bovine colostrum.” Biochem J. 1988;251(1):95-103.
  7. Tomas FM, et al. “Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats.” Biochem J. 1993;292(Pt 3):857-862.
  8. Rinderknecht E, Humbel RE. “The amino acid sequence of human insulin-like growth factor I and its structural homology with proinsulin.” J Biol Chem. 1978;253(8):2769-2776.
  9. Renehan AG, et al. “Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk.” Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353.