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Cognitive peptides represent a diverse class of compounds studied for their effects on brain function — from memory and focus to neuroprotection and mood regulation. Many originate from Russian pharmaceutical research (Selank, Semax) while others emerged from Western neuroscience labs.
The mechanisms vary widely: some modulate BDNF and NGF expression, others affect GABA signaling, and newer compounds like Dihexa target hepatocyte growth factor pathways. The evidence base ranges from robust clinical data to early preclinical studies.
Semax and Selank are the most extensively researched nootropic peptides, with decades of clinical use in Russia. Semax has been approved in Russia since 2011 for cognitive and neurological conditions. Cerebrolysin also has extensive clinical data from European trials.
Selank and Semax have favorable safety profiles in published studies, with minimal reported side effects. They are administered intranasally, avoiding injection. However, newer compounds like Dihexa have very limited human safety data and should be approached with caution.
Many cognitive peptides are designed to cross the blood-brain barrier or are administered intranasally to bypass it. Semax and Selank are typically given as nasal sprays. Dihexa was specifically designed for oral bioavailability with CNS penetration.